Review of existing literature on the subject.
Iron overload and magnesium deficiency are two common consequences of excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption. An increase in iron levels is observed both in serum and in cells, especially hepatocytes. This is due to a number of factors: Increased ferritin levels, lower hepcidin levels, and some fluctuations in the concentration of the TfR receptor for transferrin, among others.
Hypomagnesemia is commonly observed in individuals suffering from alcoholism. Again, the causes are numerous and include malnutrition, drug abuse, respiratory alkalosis, and gastrointestinal problems, apart from the direct influence of excessive alcohol consumption.
Unfortunately, studies on copper and manganese levels in (alcoholic) liver disease are scarce and often contradictory. Nevertheless, the authors have attempted to summarize and provide a thorough review of the available literature, taking into account the difficulties associated with the studies.
Molecules.: Serum iron, Magnesium, Copper, and Manganese Levels in Alcoholism: A Systematic Review
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